Unit 69 A HARD LIFE

Listening

Jerry Floyd is talking to his grandfather about his new job:

“It’s terrible, granddad. I have to get up at seven o’clock because I have to catch the bus to work. Because I’m new, I have to make the tea. I have to work hard… I’m only happy at the weekends: I don’t have to work then.”
His grandfather isn’t very sympathetic:

“I had to start work when I was 14. I lived in South Wales, and there wasn’t much work. I had to be a coal miner. We had to work twelve hours a day. We didn’t have to work on Sundays… but we had to work the other six days of the week.

“When I was eighteen, the First World War started. I joined the army. I had to wear a uniform, and I had to go to France. A lot of my friends died. We had to obey the officers, and we had to kill people.

“When I was sixty, I had to go into hospital because of the dust from the mines. It was the only quiet time in my life… I didn’t have to work, I didn’t have to earn money.

“I retired when I was sixty-five. Nowadays I don’t work and I don’t have to get up early. But I have to live on my pension, and life is still difficult. I don’t feel sorry for you.”

Grammar

TO HAVE TO + VERB

Because I’m new, I have to make the tea.
I don’t have to work on Sundays.
Do you have to study a foreign language at school.

We use MUST when the necessity is inside the speaker and HAVE TO when the necessity is outside the speaker, when it comes from the situation
You must finish this today. (I’m telling you).
I have to finish this today. (The boss says so).
You must be quiet. (I’m telling you).
You have to be quiet. (That’s the rule)

Questions

Does he have to get up at 6 o’clock?
Does he have to get up at 7 o’clock?
Does he have to catch the train?
Does he have to catch the bus?
Does he have to make the coffee?
Does he have to make the tea?
Does he have to work hard?
Does he have to work on Saturday?

Questions

Did he have to start work at 15, or did he have to start work at 14?
Did he live in North Wales, or did he live in South Wales?
Did he have to be a teacher, or did he have to be a coal miner?
Did he have to work 8 hours a day, or did he have to work 12 hours a day?
Did he have to work 5 days a week, or did he have to work 6 days a week?
Did he have to work on Sundays?

Questions

When did the First World War start?
How old was he then?
What did he have to join?
What did he have to wear?
Where did he have to go?
How many of his friends died?
Who did he have to obey?
What did he have to do?

Questions

Did he have to go into hospital?
When did he have to go into hospital?
Why did he have to go into hospital?
Did he have to work in hospital?
Did he have to earn money?

Questions

Did he retired at 60?
Ask “When?”
What doesn’t he have to do now?
Does he earn money now?
What does he live on?
Is life easy for him now, or is it difficult?
Does he feel sorry for his grandson?