Unit 80 A fourth letter

Reading

13 rue Pigalle
Montmartre, Paris.
August 23 rd, 1977

Dear John,
I’ve missed you very much. I’ve been lonely this week because I haven’t seen you for a month. I’ve learnt a lot of French this week… I’ve worked hard. I haven’t been out too much. Last night I had to do a lot of homework, and I’m tired today.
Paris is smaller than London, but it’s more interesting. I think it’s the best city I’ve ever been to. There’s too much traffic and there aren’t enough restaurants with English food, but I like it. All of my teachers are very nice and none of them speak English to me… so I have to speak French.
Anyway, I must finish now. I’ll write again soon… I promise.

All my love,
Mary xxx

Dear John,/ Mary,/ Mum,/ Dad,
I’ve missed you/ home/ the family very much/ alot/ quite a lot. I’ve been lonely/ sad/ miserable this week, because I haven’t seen you for/ since a month./ last month./ a long time. I’ve learnt a lot of/ a little/ no English/French this week. I’ve worked hard/ a lot/ only a little this week. I haven’t been out much/ at all/ many times. Last night I had to study a lot/ do a test/ write a compostion, and I’m tired/ sleepy today.London is more expensive/ cheaper/ smaller than Tokyo,/Rio,/Paris, but it’s more/less interesting./ exciting./ beautiful. I think it’s the best/ worst city I’ve ever been to./ seen./ visited. There ‘s/ are too much/ many traffic/ dogs/ pollution/ people and there aren’t enough restaurants/ clubs/ bars/ discos with English food/ French wine/ German beer /Spanish people,but/and I like/ love/ hate it. All/ None/ Some of my teachers are very good/ beautiful/ intelligent/ handsome and none of them speak Japanese/ Italian/ Portuguese/ Arabic to me, so I have to speak English.Well,/ Anyway, I really must/ must/ have to/ want to finish now. I’ll write again tomorrow,/ soon,/on wednesday,/next week, … I promise.

All my love,
Yours.

Unit 79 EVERYDAY CONVERSATION

Listening

K    Can I help you?
L    Yes, I want to send some flowers to my mother in Germany.
K    What kind of flowers would you like?
L    Well, what do you recommend?
K    Well, roses are very nice at this time of the year.
L    O.K… a dozen roses, please.

M    Mrs Connor?
N    Yes, Paul?
M    This is a present for you.
N    A present? What a lovely surprise! Shall I open it now?
M    Yes, of course.
N    Ooh! Chocolates! I love chocolates… Thank you, very much indeed!
M    Thank you. You’ve been very kind.

O    I’d like to say goodbye to everybody.
P    When are you leaving?
O    Tomorrow morning.
P    Let’s meet for a coffee tonight.
O    I’m afraid I can’t.
P    Oh… come on!
O    No, really… I’ve got so much to do.

Q    It’s been a lovely party. Thank you very much.
R    But you can’t go yet! The party’s just beginning!
Q    I’m sorry, but I must!
R    Why?
Q    Because I have to catch the last train.
R    Don’t be silly! I’ll give you a lift. Where are you going?
Q    Caracas!
R    Oh!!

Expressions

What kind of (flowers) would you like?
What do you recommend?
… at this time of the year: ..
What a lovely suprise! (  = Exclaimation)
Shall I open it now?
Come on
I’ve got so much to do
Don’t be silly
To give someone a lift

Unit 78 The Daily News

Reading

THE DAILY NEWS
London: Wednesday May 20th    Weather: fine

Sensational jewel robbery: £50,000 stolen
There was a fifty thousand pound jewel robbery in central London yesterday. The thieves threw a stone through the window of Carbunkle & Company and stole necklaces, rings and watches worth £50,000. Mr. Goldsmith, the manager of the shop, was working in his office when it happened. The police are looking for three men. The men drove away in a stolen Ford Cortina. The police have not found the getaway car yet.

Everest expedition fails
Three British climbers in the Himalayas wanted to reach the top of Mount Everest yesterday, but they failed because the weather has been too bad. They had to postpone the climb until next week. The weather has been the worst for two years.

Hollywood divorce case
Richard Taylor, the British actor, is going to divorce his wife, Liza Bertram. They have been married for thirteen years, and have lived in Hollywood since 1978. Several people have seen Taylor with film starlet Judy Bowes recently. He has been married four times. He refused to speak to our reporter yesterday.

Police Notice
Have you seen this girl?
Maria Roberts, a 15-year-old schoolgirl, left her home in Leeds last week and nobody has seen her since. She was wearing a blue raincoat, green  trousers and black shoes. She has blonde hair and blue eyes. Please telephone: 0202-17414 with any information.

Unit 77 THE ELECTION RESULT

Listening

It’s midnight.
In a moment, the Mayor of Bamford is going to read the results of the General Election.
Both of the candidates are on the balcony with the Mayor.
Both of them are smiling, but neither of them are happy.
Both of them are wearing rosettes.
One of them is the Labour candidate, and the other is the Conservative candidate.
Neither of them have been Members of Parliament before.
The Mayor has just announced the result.
The Labour candidate has won the election.
Some of crowd are pleased, but the others are angry.
All of the Labour supporters are happy.
All of them are shouting and cheering. The Conservative supporters are booing.
None of them are smiling.
The Conservatives haven’t won an election in Bamford for many years.
The Labour Party has won every election in the town since 1945.

Grammar

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
ONE — BOTH — NEITHER.

They’re Asada and Mertha.
One of them is Japanese.
Neither of them is French.
Both of them are my friends.

They’re students.
Some of them are English.
None of them are Italian.
All of them are friendly.

Unit 76 A night out

Grammar

The Present Continuous Tense

The Present Perfect Tense.

Exercise

Look at the pictures in the book carefully, then answer the following questions to make a story.

Picture 1

1    What time is it?
2    Is it noon or midnight? Why do you know?
3    Is it a new moon or a full moon?
4    Where’s an owl perching?
5    What can you say about the houses? Do they look different ot do they look the same?
6    What’s everybody doing?

Picture 2

This is Mr. Brown.
1    Where’s Mr. Brown been? (to a party).
2    Is he going home now?
3    Where’s he walking and how? (walking unsteadily or staggering on pavement).
4    What’s he holding in his hand?
5    Is it full or is it empty?
6    Has he drunk a lot of whisky or only a little whisky?
7    Is he drunk or is he sober?
8    Can he see clearly?
9    What’s happened to his key suddenly?
10    Does he know?

Picture 3

1    Is he standing in front of his house or behind his house?
2    Is he carrying the bottle now?
3    What’s he looking for?
4    Can he find it?
5    Has he lost his key or has he found it?
6    How does he feel?
7    Does his head swim?

Picture 4

1    Where is Mr. Brown now? (behind the house).
2    Has he been into the garage or has he been into the house?
3    Where has he taken a ladder from? (the garage).
4    Is he coming back to the party, or is he going to the front of the house?
5    What’s happened then?
6    Where’s the cat? What’s it doing? Why?

Picture 5

1    Where has he put the ladder and climbed to?
2    Has he opened the window?
3    Is there anybody in the bed? Who is he?
4    Has he woken up? What is he doing? (turning on the lamp; looking at him).
5    How is the man?
6    Is it Mr. Brown’s flat?
7    Has he come to the right or the wrong flat?
8    What do you think the man’s saying?
9    Has Mr. Brown made a terrible mistake?
10    Have you ever made such a terrible mistake?

Unit 75 FOUR LIVES

Listening

Herbert Burke, James Stephens, Mary Foot, and Charlie Phillip all went to the same school.
They left school in 1960, and they’ve had very different careers.

Herbert Burke became a politician ten years ago.
He’s very successful.
He bought a country house five years ago, and bought a Jaguar at the same time.
He’s been a Member of Parliament for ten years.
He’s had his house and car for five years.

James Stephens is a criminal.
He robbed a bank in 1971, and escaped to a Pacific island.
He bought a luxury yacht the same year.
He’s still on the island.
He’s been there since 1971.
He’s had the yacht since 1971.

Mary Foot and Charlie Phillips fell in love at school.
He gave her a ring when they left school.
She wears it every day, and she’s never taken it off.
They got married in 1963 and they are still in love.
They moved to Australia in 1968.

Grammar

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (cont.)

S + have/ has + past participle.

Actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the present moment

Adverbs (with time references) : before (now) , ever , never before , up till now = so far .
I have received twenty cards so far:
I have never tasted papaya before

Adverbs since/ for.
I’ve lived here since 1990. I’ve lived here for 10 years

SINCE ,FOR 
SINCE + a definite point of time
Since last saturday, since 1998, since 8 o’clock…
FOR + a period of time
For 2 years, for 3 weeks, for half an hours…

Expressions

To go to the same school
To fall in love (with sb)
To be in love

Questions

When did Herbert Burke become a politician?
When did he buy a country house?
When did he buy a Jaguar?
How long has he been a Member of Parliament?
How long has he had his house?
How long has he had his car?

Questions

When did James rob a bank?
Where did he escape to?
What did he buy?
When did he buy it?
Where is he now?
How long has he been there?
How long has he had his yacht?

Questions

When did Mary and Charlie fall in love?
When did he give her a ring?
Has she ever taken it off?
When did they get married?
Are they still in love?
When did they move to Australia?
How long has she had the ring?
How long have they been married?
How long have they been in Australia?

Exercise

He’s been there since 1969.
They’ve been there for five years.

Complete these in the same way:
1    She’s had that watch … three weeks.
2    We’ve been here … January.
3    I’ve had my camera … two years.
4    They’ve been married … 1971.
5    He’s had his car … two months.
6    John’s been in London … March.

Unit 74 SOMETHING, NOTHING, ANYTHING, EVERYTHING

Listening

A    I want some seats for Tuesday night. Are there any left?
B    No, there are no seats left. Every seats is reserved.

C    Doctor, I think there’s something in my eye. Everything looks funny.
D    Let me have a look… I can’t see anything… No, I’m sure there’s nothing there.

E    There’s somebody in the other office!
F    I didn’t hear anybody.
E    Well, just have a look…
F    … No, there’s nobody there. Everybody’s gone home.

G    What are you looking for?
H    My pen. It’s somewhere in this room!
G    Where have you looked?
H    I’ve looked everywhere… and I can’t find it anywhere!

Grammar

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

SOME: 
Something:
There’re something in my eye
Somebody ; Someone
Somebody is knocking at the door
Somewhere
I need somewhere to keep my bike
Somewhere (adv)
Your key is somewhere in this room!
Her hometown is somewhere in London

ANY
Anything
Do you know anything about that?
Anybody ; Anyone
Is there anybody at home?
Anywhere (adv)
Did you go anywhere last summer?

NO: Not… any
I had no money = I didn’t have any money
Nothing = Not… anything
I know nothing about that = I don’t know anything about that
Nobody = None = Not… anybody = Not… anyone
There’s nobody at home = There isn’t anybody at home
Nowhere = Not… anywhere (adv)
I went nowhere last summer = I didn’t go anywhere last summer

EVERY
Everything
Everything is all right:
Everybody = Everyone
Everybody speaks English in this class
Everywhere
Everywhere in this city is beautiful

Exercise

1    There’s something in my soup.
What is it?
There’s somebody in the other room.
Who is it?
2    Is there anything in the fridge?
I’m hungry.
Is there … in the bathroom?
I want to brush my teeth.
3    There isn’t anything in the fridge.
There isn’t … in the bathroom.
It’s empty.
4    Everything’s expensive. Nothing’s cheap.
… ‘s in the garden …’s here.

Unit 73 EVERYDAY CONVERSATION

Listening

C    What’s the matter? Why has the bus stopped?
D    There’s been an accident.
C    Has there? Again?
D    Yes, there have been three here this week.
C    Yes, I know. And it’s only Wednesday.
D    Yes. It’s the most dangerous corner I’ve ever been seen.

E    Look at that girl!
F    What about her?
E    Look at her dress!
F    What about it!
E    It’s the same as mine! That’s what!
F    No, it isn’t. It’s different from yours.
E    Is it?
F    Yes. Hers is shorter than yours.

G    Are you a new student?
H    No, I’m not.
G    Oh. How long have you been here?
H    As long as you.
G    Why haven’t I seen you?
H    I’ve been ill.

I    Can I borrow £10?
J    Why you don’t go to the bank?
I    My cheque hasn’t arrived yet.
J    Well, I’m sorry, but I’m broke.
I    What can I do?
J    Ask George. He’s as rich as Rockefeler.

Grammar

1    It the most interesting film I’ve ever seen:
That’s the worst play he’s been to
2    He’s as rich as Rockerfeller
It’s as cold as ice

1      Superlative  +Present Perfect (ever )
2    The Comparision of Equality : As + Adj + as.

This lesson is as long as that one
This hotel is as comfortable as that one

Expressions

The same as…
That’s what!
As long as you
As rich as Rockerfeller

Unit 72 GEORGE AND BRENDA

Listening

George Will you marry me, darling?
Brenda Of course I will.
George Is that a promise?
Brenda Of course it is… I love you.

Brenda Oh, darling, I feel terribly tired!
George Well, sit down. I’ll do the washing-up.
Brenda Oh, thank you darling… and I’m thirsty.
George All right, I’ll make you a cup of tea.

Brenda George! Have you mended that plug yet?
George No, I haven’t.
Brenda Well, will you do it today?
George Yes, I’ll do it now. Where’s the screwdriver?
Brenda I don’t know.
George Well, I can’t find it. I’ll do it tomorrow.

Brenda Oh, George… we haven’t got much for dinner.
George That’s all right. Shall we eat out?
Brenda Oh, yes! Where shall we go?
George Let’s go to that new Italian Restaurant!

Brenda George!
George Yes, dear.
Brenda You’re drunk! Shall I drive?
George No, I’m O.K. I’ll drive.
Brenda No, you won’t. Give me the keys!

Grammar

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

S + shall/ will + verb

I/ we shall go.
He/ she/ you/ they will go.

1   an action in the future

We shall have our test next month
The concert will be over at 10.00
2    an invitation or a polite request

Will you go to the cinema with me now?
3    Shall I…? Shall we…?

Shall I take your coat?
Shall we eat out?

a promise
You shall have my answer tomorrow

a determination
He shall help me:

a threat
Brutus Cray shall KO Joe Freezer
TO BE GOING TO.

Expressions

To eat out
To eat in
To make someone a cup of tea
To be drunk:

Unit 71 BRUTUS CRAY — THE GREATEST

Listening

Brutus Cray I’m the greatest!
Reporter You were the greatest, Brutus… but you’re ten years older than Joe Freezer.
Brutus Cray Joe Freezer! I’m not afraid of Joe Freezer!
Rep. Really?
Cray Listen! I’ve beaten him twice, and I going to beat him again.
Rep. Are you sure?
Cray Sure? Of course I’m sure.
Rep. Some people say he’s better than you.
Cray Listen! I’ve beaten all the best boxers, and Joe Freezer’s one of the worst!
Rep. Yes, but he’s better than he was.
Cray Listen! I’m stronger, faster, fitter and more intelligent than him!
Rep. Yes, but he KO’ed Len Korton two moths ago.
Cray Len Korton. I’ve KO’ed him three times!
Rep. O.K., O.K., Brutus. Are you going to retire after this fight?
Cray Retire? No. I’ve been the champion for ten years… and I going to stay the champion for another ten.
Rep. Joe Freezer doesn’t think so!
Cray Joe Freezer? Joe Freezer’s the ugliest man in the world… after tonight he’s going to need a new face!

Grammar

FOR and THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1    FOR  (a period of time from the past till now).

How long have you been the champion?
I’ve been the champion for ten years/ three weeks.
2
I’ve beaten him once/ twice.

Expressions

To be the greatest: L¿ ngõñi vË ½Âi nhÞt.
To be afraid of someone: Sô ai.
To KO (to knock out): HÂ ½o v¾n.

Questions

Is Brutus older than Joe Freezer?
Is he afraid of Joe Freezer?
Has he beaten him before?
Ask “How many times?”
Has he beaten other boxers?
Ask “Which boxers?”
Is Freezer worse than he was, or better than he was?
Has Freezer beaten Len Korton?
Ask “When?”
Is Brutus going to retired?
How long has he been the champion?

Exercise

Write sentences like this:

A    Joe Freezer/ugly
A    Joe Freezer is very ugly.

B    He/Brutus Cray
B    He’s uglier than Brutus Cray.

C    He/the world
C    He’s the ugliest man in the world.

a Rockefeller/rich
b He/the teacher
c He/the world

a Concorde/ fast
b It/ a Boeing
c It/ the world

a Mount Everest/ high
b It/ Mont Blanc
c It/ the world

a Rolls-Royce/ comfortable
b It/ Mini
c It/ the world

a Brutus Cray/ good
b He/ Joe Freezer
c He/ the world

Unit 70 COMPARISIONS

Grammar

COMPARISIONS OF ADJECTIVES (cont.)

The Superlative Form

comparison: using comparatives and superlatives

Comparison: comparative and superlative adjectives

A. Of Superiority

1 Short Adjectives:
The Adj-est

Bill is twenty. John is twenty-two. Tom is twenty-five.
Bill is the youngest of all.
Tom is the oldest of all.

nice    – the nicest.
large    – the largest.

the thinnest, the fattest…

the heaviest, the noblest, the quietest, the narrowest, the cleverest

Good    – the best.
Bad    – the worst.

2 Long Adjectives
The most + Adj.

The Royal Britol Hotel is the most comfortable.
That’s the most interesting film I’ve ever seen.

B. Of Inferiority
The least + Adj

That book is the least expensive

Unit 69 A HARD LIFE

Listening

Jerry Floyd is talking to his grandfather about his new job:

“It’s terrible, granddad. I have to get up at seven o’clock because I have to catch the bus to work. Because I’m new, I have to make the tea. I have to work hard… I’m only happy at the weekends: I don’t have to work then.”
His grandfather isn’t very sympathetic:

“I had to start work when I was 14. I lived in South Wales, and there wasn’t much work. I had to be a coal miner. We had to work twelve hours a day. We didn’t have to work on Sundays… but we had to work the other six days of the week.

“When I was eighteen, the First World War started. I joined the army. I had to wear a uniform, and I had to go to France. A lot of my friends died. We had to obey the officers, and we had to kill people.

“When I was sixty, I had to go into hospital because of the dust from the mines. It was the only quiet time in my life… I didn’t have to work, I didn’t have to earn money.

“I retired when I was sixty-five. Nowadays I don’t work and I don’t have to get up early. But I have to live on my pension, and life is still difficult. I don’t feel sorry for you.”

Grammar

TO HAVE TO + VERB

Because I’m new, I have to make the tea.
I don’t have to work on Sundays.
Do you have to study a foreign language at school.

We use MUST when the necessity is inside the speaker and HAVE TO when the necessity is outside the speaker, when it comes from the situation
You must finish this today. (I’m telling you).
I have to finish this today. (The boss says so).
You must be quiet. (I’m telling you).
You have to be quiet. (That’s the rule)

Questions

Does he have to get up at 6 o’clock?
Does he have to get up at 7 o’clock?
Does he have to catch the train?
Does he have to catch the bus?
Does he have to make the coffee?
Does he have to make the tea?
Does he have to work hard?
Does he have to work on Saturday?

Questions

Did he have to start work at 15, or did he have to start work at 14?
Did he live in North Wales, or did he live in South Wales?
Did he have to be a teacher, or did he have to be a coal miner?
Did he have to work 8 hours a day, or did he have to work 12 hours a day?
Did he have to work 5 days a week, or did he have to work 6 days a week?
Did he have to work on Sundays?

Questions

When did the First World War start?
How old was he then?
What did he have to join?
What did he have to wear?
Where did he have to go?
How many of his friends died?
Who did he have to obey?
What did he have to do?

Questions

Did he have to go into hospital?
When did he have to go into hospital?
Why did he have to go into hospital?
Did he have to work in hospital?
Did he have to earn money?

Questions

Did he retired at 60?
Ask “When?”
What doesn’t he have to do now?
Does he earn money now?
What does he live on?
Is life easy for him now, or is it difficult?
Does he feel sorry for his grandson?